"International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment"

The distribution of individuals worldwide is known as the population. The unequal distribution of the population based on a number of different causes. The term "population distribution" also refers to the spatial pattern created by factors such as population dispersion, agglomeration formation, linear spread, etc. Both densely populated and sparsely populated areas exist. Climate, landforms, topography, soil, energy and mineral resources, accessibility-such as proximity to coastlines, natural harbours, navigable rivers and canals, cultural factors, political boundaries, restrictions on immigration and trade, government policies, types of economic activities, technology, including types of farming and transportation facilities, social organisation, and last but not least, demographic factors like age distribution-are the main factors affecting population distribution. The major causes of the decline in population in some locations have been unfavourable physical circumstances and a lack of viable livelihood options. Perhaps the most significant geographic factor affecting population dispersal is the climate. Population distribution is influenced by a number of social, demographic, economic, political, and historical factors in addition to physical ones.