"International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment"

In the village of Singhpura, most households get their drinking water from borewells (58%), while 38% use tap water and 4% rely on hand pumps. Although community water is available through pipes, only 38% of households use it for drinking due to issues like low water pressure or absence of pipes in some areas.

While 82% of households find the drinking water fresh and odourless, about 8% notice a metallic taste, and 6% detect a strong chlorine taste. Additionally, 4% report foul Odors and unusual tastes. Health issues related to drinking water affect 11% of households using community water. Groundwater quality is a major concern due to high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels, ranging from 68 to 1357 PPM, which affect taste and safety which is so harmful. Most households use Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems to improve water quality. The highest TDS levels are found in the village centre, posing health risks, while outer areas have slightly better quality. Effective monitoring and intervention are crucial to ensure safe drinking water for all residents.

Regarding water treatment, 62% of households use water directly without treatment, 28% use water filters, and 10% use chlorine tablets. Cleaning practices vary, with 66% of households cleaning water storage containers daily, 6% weekly, 22% monthly, and 8% rarely or never. To enhance water quality and public health in Singhpura, it is crucial to address pipe-related issues, ensure effective water treatment, and promote regular cleaning of water storage containers.