Water is the backbone of human, animal, and plant life, and its presence in certain quantities is a necessity required by economic and population growth. Ancient civilizations were concentrated in areas where water is present, such as springs and rivers.
A problem that exists in many dams in Iraq, especially in the northern regions (Al-Mamoori et al., 2019) [2], has been studied by Iraqi researchers. This problem is that some of the water evaporates or seeps into the soil, affecting the amount of water remaining in the lake (Jassim & Goff, 2006) [8].
Al_khasa dam lake, located northeast of Kirkuk city, is an important water collection site in this region. The dam was built to store rainwater and control floods, as well as to provide water for agriculture and other uses.
It aims to study and measure the depths of various water bodies, such as lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans. This type of survey provides a comprehensive understanding of the topography of the water body's bottom and helps create accurate three-dimensional topographic maps of submerged areas (Philip et al., 1992) [10].
The current study examines the bathymetry of a particular lake and surveys the lakebed within the lake at depths of 15-30 microns. It found that the depths in the southeastern part are greater than those in the western part of the lake.
This which indicates that this area represents the main course of the river valley before the construction of the dam. Also, the close proximity of the isobath lines on the eastern side indicates the presence of a steep bank, while the plans on the western side represent a more gentle gradual slope. This geomorphological contrast reflects a difference in the rock composition and geological structure of the layers composing the two sides of the valley (Werdy, 1997). The northeastern bank shows characteristics that are less resistant to erosion and weathering factors, compared to the southwestern bank. Contrasting between the two banks of the lake.
International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment
