"International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment"
2025, Vol. 7, Issue 12, Part A
Informal sectors of economy: A case study on railway hawkers of Sealdah Division
Author(s): Kamalika Basu
Abstract: The informal sector plays a significant role in providing employment and sustaining livelihoods for a large section of the population, especially in developing countries. One such important group within this sector is railway hawkers, who operate in busy transit areas like the Sealdah Division of the Eastern Railway. These hawkers offer affordable goods and services to millions of commuters each day, contributing to the local economy and supporting their families despite working in unregulated and insecure conditions. This study examines the economic, social, and cultural importance of railway hawkers in the Sealdah Division, highlighting their role in employment generation and urban life. It also explores the challenges they face, including legal insecurity, lack of social protection, and harassment by authorities. By analyzing their contributions and difficulties, the study emphasizes the need for inclusive policies that provide recognition, designated vending spaces, access to credit, and social security. Integrating railway hawkers into the formal economy can improve their livelihoods and promote more equitable and sustainable urban development.
Kamalika Basu. Informal sectors of economy: A case study on railway hawkers of Sealdah Division. Int J Geogr Geol Environ 2025;7(12):01-08. DOI: 10.22271/27067483.2025.v7.i12a.449
