"International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment"

Agricultural diversification is a critical strategy for promoting sustainable land use, ensuring food security, and enhancing rural livelihoods. In the context of Manipur—a predominantly agrarian state with diverse physiographic and climatic conditions—crop diversification has emerged as a key indicator of changing agricultural practices. This study investigates the spatio-temporal patterns of crop diversification across the districts of Manipur from 2000-01 to 2020-21 using secondary data. The analysis employs the Gibbs-Martin Crop Diversification Index (CDI) to quantify diversification levels and assess shifts in cropping patterns over time.

Findings reveal a clear trend of increasing diversification at the state level, with the CDI rising from 0.360 in 2000-01 to 0.538 in 2020-21, reflecting a gradual move away from paddy-dominated monoculture towards the inclusion of crops such as maize, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes. District-level analysis shows significant inter-regional variation: while districts like Chandel (0.722), Ukhrul (0.707), and Senapati (0.699) exhibit high diversification, others such as Imphal West (0.371) and Imphal East (0.399) remain relatively specialized. Tamenglong recorded the highest percentage increase in CDI (+121.03%) over the study period.

This research underscores the importance of targeted policy interventions promoting crop diversification in regions with lower index values. Enhancing irrigation infrastructure, market access, and agricultural extension services is essential to support this transition. The study provides a valuable empirical foundation for planners and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable agriculture and improve rural resilience in Manipur.