"International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment"

Land-use and Land-cover analysis is important to investigate the patterns of how land is being utilized and what changes occur in it with the passage of time. In Countries like India having massive base of population, land always remain under pressure of increasing demand for housing and various economic activities. The present study is based on Bathinda, city of Punjab State of India which incorporates urbanized limit of the same. The spatio-temporal dynamics of land-use and land-cover that increase pressure on agricultural land and vegetation around the expanding City are analyzed and examined from 2005 to 2025. Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images for year 2005, 2015 and 2025 are exploited in Google Earth Engine (GEE) and QGIS to study the changes in the area of Water-Bodies, Built-up, Crop-land, Vegetation and Fallow-land. For accuracy assessment Error Matrixand Kappa analysis along with the use of‘ smile Random Forest’ classifier was done in GEE.